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OULED ESSI MASSEOUD, Morocco: Mohamed gave up farming because of successive droughts that have hit his previously fertile but isolated village in Morocco and because he just couldn鈥檛 bear it any longer.
鈥淭o see villagers rush to public fountains in the morning or to a neighbor to get water makes you want to cry,鈥� the man in his 60s said.
鈥淭he water shortage is making us suffer,鈥� he told AFP in Ouled Essi Masseoud village, around 140 km from the country鈥檚 economic capital Casablanca.
But it is not just his village that is suffering 鈥� all of the North African country has been hit.
No longer having access to potable running water, the villagers of Ouled Essi Masseoud rely solely on sporadic supplies in public fountains and from private wells.
鈥淭he fountains work just one or two days a week, the wells are starting to dry up and the river next to it is drying up more and more,鈥� said Mohammed Sbai as he went to fetch water from neighbors.
The situation is critical, given the village鈥檚 position in the agricultural province of Settat, near the Oum Errabia River and the Al Massira Dam, Morocco鈥檚 second largest.
Its reservoir supplies drinking water to several cities, including the 3 million people who live in Casablanca. But latest official figures show it is now filling at a rate of just 5 percent.
Al Massira Reservoir has been reduced to little more than a pond bordered by kilometers of cracked earth.
Nationally, dams are filling at a rate of only 27 percent, precipitated by the country鈥檚 worst drought in at least four decades.
At 600 cubic meters of water annually per capita, Morocco is already well below the water scarcity threshold of 1,700 cubic meters per capita per year, according to the World Health Organization.
In the 1960s, water availability was four times higher 鈥� at 2,600 cubic meters.
A July World Bank report on the Moroccan economy said the decrease in the availability of renewable water resources put the country in a situation of 鈥渟tructural water stress.鈥�
The authorities have now introduced water rationing.
The Interior Ministry ordered local authorities to restrict supplies when necessary, and prohibits using drinking water to irrigate green spaces and golf courses.
Illegal withdrawals from wells, springs or waterways have also been prohibited.
In the longer term, the government plans to build 20 seawater desalination plants by 2030, which should cover a large part of the country鈥檚 needs.
鈥淲e are in crisis management rather than in anticipated risk management,鈥� said water resources expert Mohammed Jalil.
He added that it was 鈥渄ifficult to monitor effectively the measures taken by the authorities.鈥�
Agronomist Mohamed Srairi said Morocco鈥檚 Achilles鈥� heel was its agricultural policy 鈥渨hich favors water-consuming fruit trees and industrial agriculture.鈥�
He said such agriculture relies on drip irrigation which, although it can save water, paradoxically results in increased consumption as previously arid areas become cultivable.
The World Bank report noted that cultivated areas under drip irrigation in Morocco have more than tripled.
It said that 鈥渕odern irrigation technologies may have altered cropping decisions in ways that increased rather than decreased the total quantity of water consumed by the agricultural sector.鈥�
More than 80 percent of Morocco鈥檚 water supply is allocated to agriculture, a key economic sector that accounts for 14 percent of gross domestic product.
Mohammed, in his 90s, stood on an area of parched earth not far from the Al Massira Dam.
鈥淲e don鈥檛 plow the land anymore because there is no water,鈥� he said, but added that he had to 鈥渁ccept adversity anyway because we have no choice.鈥�
Younger generations in the village appear more gloomy.
Soufiane, a 14-year-old shepherd boy, said: 鈥淲e are living in a precarious state with this drought.
鈥淚 think it will get even worse in the future.鈥�